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Anti-ulcer medications such as H2-receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors (PPI), whose action is the reduction of gastric acid production, can hinder gastric digestion and lead to increased food sensitization and allergy. This was demonstrated in an Austrian study by Untersmayr et al. (2005). Blood samples from 152 participating patients (average age: 65.9 years) were taken before and after a three month treatment period of anti-ulcer medication and analyzed quantitatively by immunoblot for an increase in food specific-IgE levels to nineteen different foods.
After three months of anti-ulcer medication use, the researches found an increase in food specific-IgE in 25% of the patients due either to a boost of pre-existing food specific-IgE (10% patients) or de novo IgE production (15% patients). IgE levels remained unchanged in fifty age-matched healthy controls ruling out the possibility of any seasonal effects. The authors conclude that a three month anti-acid therapy carries a 10.5% relative risk for an increase in an IgE response to food allergens.
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After five months of discontinuation of the anti-ulcer medication, the researches noted persistence in elevated food specific-IgE in 6% of the patients compared to 25% of the patients noted at three months. At eight months, long-term sensitization was still noted to a point and paralleled elevated levels of ST2, a marker of Th2 lymphocyte activity and regulator of allergic inflammation.
Anti-acid drugs are common over-the-counter medications used by many self-diagnosed conditions of heartburn or indigestion and the like. By decreasing the amount of stomach acid, extended use of these drugs may compromise gastric digestion resulting in dietary proteins that retain their allergenic potential.
The complete research paper may be found at the reference http://www.fasebj.org/:
Untersmayr, E., Bakos, N., Scholl, I., et al. (2005).
Anti-ulcer drugs promote IgE formation toward dietary antigens in adult patients.
The FASEB Journal, 19, 656-658.
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